{"id":56,"date":"2015-03-18T00:41:04","date_gmt":"2015-03-18T00:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/?page_id=56"},"modified":"2015-04-04T18:01:22","modified_gmt":"2015-04-04T18:01:22","slug":"car2work","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/car2work\/","title":{"rendered":"Car2Work"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Over the last decade there has been a surge of short-term rental schemes and <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">shared-use mobility concepts<\/span>. As defined in by Dr. Shaheen, shared-use mobility is \u201can innovative transportation solution that enables users to have short-term access to transportation modes on an as-needed basis.\u201d. Under this broad concept of shared-use mobility we consider any means of transportation that serves the above purpose, including carsharing, peer-to-peer carsharing, bikesharing, ridesharing, ridesourcing, among others.<\/p>\n<p>Several companies are taking different approaches to provide shared-use mobility concepts. For example, ride-hailing companies such as <a href=\"http:\/\/uber.com\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Uber<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lyft.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Lyft<\/strong><\/a> started offering on-demand mobility, but quickly launched Uperpool and Lyft Line to let their customers share rides. According to Lyft CEO, Lyft Line became within 6 months the most popular service the company is offering in San Francisco. Others, such as <a href=\"http:\/\/leaptransit.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Leap<\/strong><\/a> or <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bridj.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bridj<\/strong><\/a> offer an alternative to transit by providing a flexible network of private bus lines. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.zipcar.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>ZipCar<\/strong><\/a> provides short-term rentals, <a href=\"https:\/\/carmacarpool.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Carma<\/strong><\/a>, former Avego, lets users log their commute trips so users can find matches, and <a href=\"http:\/\/piggybackrides.co\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>PiggyBack<\/strong><\/a> automatically creates carpools on a per trip basis.<\/p>\n<p>Numerous benefits have been reported of such a systems, including: car-ownership and vehicle usage reduction, increase network connectivity and encouraging multi-modality. However, its long-term effects are yet to be understood. There is an interesting discussion in this <a href=\"http:\/\/mobilitylab.org\/2015\/03\/27\/uber-lyft-have-opportunity-to-complement-local-transit-networks\/\" target=\"_blank\">mobilityLab post<\/a>\u00a0about the effects of shared-use mobility.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, most, if not all the approaches presented above <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">do not fully integrate with the existing transit network<\/span>, instead it is left to the users to decide whether or not is more efficient to transfer to transit along their trip. Furthermore, most of the companies <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">focus their efforts on urban areas with rather large population densities<\/span>, leaving out residential areas where it may be more costly or difficult to provide the service.<\/p>\n<p>In line of this observations, Car2work is\u00a0a new shared-use mobility concept that its main goal is to connect commuters with workplaces, guaranteeing a trip home, and connecting with the existing transit network, efficiently tackling the last mile problem of transit.<\/p>\n<p>In such proposed system, the vehicles do not belong to the commuters, instead an operators owns and assign the vehicles to the commuters. While the vehicles are idling at transit stations or workplaces, they can be rented as a traditional short-term car rental service.<\/p>\n<h2>Motivation<\/h2>\n<p>I used Google Maps to check the travel times from University of California, Irvine to Union Station, Los Angeles, both using a private auto and transit.<\/p>\n<p>As it can be observed from the images below:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">It is 50 min faster to drive than taking transit (UCI-LA)<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Using transit it can take more than 1hr to travel 8 miles (UCI-Transportation Center)<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Almost all time savings occur on connecting UCI with Transit Station<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/trip2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-58 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/trip2.png\" alt=\"trip2\" width=\"931\" height=\"767\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/trip2.png 931w, https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/trip2-300x247.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 931px) 100vw, 931px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/trip1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-57 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/trip1.png\" alt=\"trip1\" width=\"930\" height=\"772\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/trip1.png 930w, https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/trip1-300x249.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>How it works<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Commuters announce their (multiple) trips in advanced (1 day) and thir preferences.<\/li>\n<li>Vehicles do not belong to the commuters, instead there is an operator that owns them.<\/li>\n<li>Commuters do not have a vehicle assigned and:\n<ul>\n<li>May or may not take transit link.<\/li>\n<li>Can specify transfer preferences.<\/li>\n<li>Can share rides with commuters from other companies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0An optimization problem is solved to match vehicles to commuters:\n<ul>\n<li>If a commuter is matched, the system guarantees the return home trip.<\/li>\n<li>If a commuter is not matched, it is assumed that it has other means to make the trip.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>While vehicles are idling at transit stations or workplaces, they can be rented as a short-term car rental service (ZipCar) to anyone enrolled in the program.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u00a0An example<\/h2>\n<p>In this case we have an example with 3 workplaces, 5 commuters and 3 vehicles.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/c2w_example.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-59 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/c2w_example-1024x698.png\" alt=\"c2w_example\" width=\"660\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/c2w_example-1024x698.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/c2w_example-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/c2w_example.png 1487w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px; text-align: center;\">Solid arrows represent the morning commute and dashed arrows the evening commute.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Simulation Results<\/h2>\n<p>The table below summarizes some of the preliminary results that I have and points to an interactive visualization.<br \/>\nThe first case shows the solution when trying to maximize the commuters matched and minimize total vehicle travel time. The second, \u00a0when maximizing commuters matched and minimizing total users travel time.<\/p>\n<p>This second option provides a solution with less lingering for commuters but slightly higher vehicle travel times.<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"># Vehicles<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"># W-places<\/th><th class=\"column-3\"># Users<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Comments<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Link<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">4<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">3<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Minimize vehicle travel time<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/car2work\/7f7319d0189c4dd.html\" target=\"_blank\">Go<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">4<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">3<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Minimize user travel time<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/car2work\/cb056ca917514ba.html\" target=\"_blank\">Go<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1 from cache -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Over the last decade there has been a surge of short-term rental schemes and shared-use mobility concepts. As defined in by Dr. Shaheen, shared-use mobility is \u201can innovative transportation solution that enables users to have short-term access to transportation modes on an as-needed basis.\u201d. Under this broad concept of shared-use mobility we consider any means &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/car2work\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Car2Work<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-56","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88,"href":"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56\/revisions\/88"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.robertregue.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}